Elaris Computing Nexus
Hybrid Cluster Based Protocols for Reliable Data Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks
Elaris Computing Nexus
Received On : 23 April 2025
Revised On : 23 July 2025
Accepted On : 30 July 2025
Published On : 18 August 2025
Volume 01, 2025
Pages : 119-131
Abstract
The most vital problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is energy efficiency and dependable data transmission especially when these systems are deployed in large scale and their deployment is heterogeneous. This paper will present a proposal of a Cluster-Based Hybrid Protocol (CBHP): It entails a combination of adaptive clustering and energy conscious cluster head rotation to prolong network lifetime whilst ensuring high reliability in communication. The protocol takes the benefits of both static and dynamic clustering and therefore balances power consumption among nodes and minimizes the premature node failures. The extended simulations are done between CBHP and known protocols as LEACH, TEEN, and DEEC under the same network conditions. The analysis involves various performance indicators including First Node Death (FND), Last Node Death (LND), average power consumption per round, packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput and the end to end delay. On the basis of simulation, it is shown that CBHP has a 29.63% portfolio of network lifetime when compared to LEACH whilst at the same time has the highest PDR of 97.6% and throughput of 1.35 kbps. The protocol proposed also has the lowest average end to end delay (120 ms), which proves its applicability in time-sensitive protocols. Further quantitation analysis shows network stability, residual energy and control overhead improvements, showing the ability of the protocol to support more active nodes during long operational durations. These results prove that CBHP offers an effective trade-off among the energy consumption, reliability of communication, and latency, and it is a strong solution in the current WSN applications.
Keywords
Energy Efficiency, Cluster-Based Hybrid Protocol, Network Lifetime, Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput, End-to-End Delay.
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CRediT Author Statement
The author reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conceptualization: Anastraj K; Methodology: Prabu Ragavendiran and Anastraj K; Writing-Original Draft Preparation: Prabu Ragavendiran and Anastraj K; Visualization: Anastraj K; Investigation: Anastraj K; Supervision: Anastraj K; Validation: Prabu Ragavendiran and Anastraj K; Writing-Reviewing and Editing: Prabu Ragavendiran and Anastraj K; All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Author(s) thanks to Dr. Anastraj K for this research completion and support.
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Cite this Article
Prabu Ragavendiran and Anastraj K, “Hybrid Cluster Based Protocols for Reliable Data Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks”, Elaris Computing Nexus, pp. 119-131, 2025, doi: 10.65148/ECN/2025012.
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© 2025 Prabu Ragavendiran and Anastraj K. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.